Glossary
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Achene - small, dry, indehiscent 1-seeded fruit in which the ovary wall is free from the seed/
Anther - top of the stamen, which holds the pollen.
Aromatic - emits a fragrant odor.
Astringent - causing soft body parts to contract, reducing blood flow.
Axil - angle between a branch or a leaf and the axis from which it arises.
Axillary - growing from the axil.
Biotype - group of organisms with similar hereditary characteristics.
Bipinnate - double pinnate leaf.
Bract- leaf from the axil of which a flower arises.
Bulbil - aerial deciduous bulb produced in a leaf axil.
Calyx - outermost envelope of the flower, consisting of a number of sepals.
Campanulate - bell-shaped.
Capsule - dry fruit of two or more carpels, dehiscent bivalves.
Carminative - expels gas from the alimentary tract.
Carpel - unit structure of a compound pistil.
Cataplasm - poultice.
Coppice - grove of shrubs originating from sprouts or root suckers.
Corolla - petals of a flower.
Corymb -a flat-top raceme in which the pedicels of the lower flower are longer than those of the upper ones.
Cyme - a flat or convex, open, compound flower cluster, the inner flowers opening first.
Deciduous - falling off; applied to trees that shed all their leaves at a particular season.
Decoction - solution representing the water-soluble constituents of a plant drug, prepared by boiling the plant drug in water.
Deflexed - bend outward or backward.
Discoid - disc-shaped.
Dysentery - inflammation of the large intestine with evacuation of liquid, bloody stool, and the urge to evacuate without result.
Elliptic - oval with narrowed to rounded ends.
Endocarp - inner layer of the flesh of a fruit when it consists of two or more layers of different texture or consistency.
Enfleurage - a process of making perfumes in which fats are made to absorb the fragrance of fresh flowers.
Entire margin - continuous leaf margin, smooth leaf edge.
Epipetalous - stamens attached to the corolla.
Express - squeeze out.
Extract - concentrated preparation made buy macerating or percolating with solvent.
Febrifuge - remedy for fever.
Filament - threadlike part of stamen that bears the anther.
Follicle - fruit developed from a single carpel, opening when mature by natural sutures.
Genotype -fundamental constitution in terms of hereditary factors.
Glabrous - smooth in the sense of having no hairs.
Globose - spherical, having the shape of a globe.
Hydroalcoholic - mixture of water and alcohol, usually of a solvent for extraction.
Indehiscent - seed-bearing plant part (fruit) that does not open by valves or along regular lines upon maturity.
Inflorescence - flower head of a plant, cluster of flowers growing together on a stalk.
Infusion - liquid preparation, also called tea, made by steeping the medicinal plant part in boiling water.
Lanceolate - lance-shaped.
Latex - milky juice produced by certain plants.
Liniment - a solution of a drug for rubbing on the skin as a counterirritant.
Macerate - to soften / extract by steeping in a fluid such as oil or alcohol.
Marcotting - asexual method of reproduction in plants: fibrous medium, e.g., coconut husk, is wrapped around a node of woody stem to encourage roots to develop and produce a new / daughter plant.
Ointment - semisolid preparation in water-soluble base.
Panicle - elongated inflorescence with a central axis divided into several branches, each bearing several flowers.
Parenchyma - thin-walled living cells in which plant secretions are stored.
Pedicel - stalk of a solitary flower, or a flower in a cluster.
Peduncle -stalk supporting an inflorescence.
Pendulous - hanging freely or loosely.,
Pericarp - body of the fruit developed from the ovary and enclosing the seeds.
Periderm - outer layer of root or stem
Petiole - leaf stalk.
Pinnate - leaf resembling a feather.
Pistil - female element of a flower, consisting of ovary, stigma, and often style.
Plant drug - medicinal plant part, as collected from mother plant; may refer to both fresh or dried material; crude drug.
Pod - dry- usually dehiscent, few to may-seeded fruit.
Poultice - soft, usually heated preparation spread on cloth applied to a sore or swelling.
Propagate - any plant part used in asexual reproduction of lower plants.
Pulvinus - swollen place at leaf or leaflet base.
Purgative - substance that causes evacuation of the bowels.
Raceme - simple flower head in which the elongated axis bears a number of flowers with short stems of nearly equal length.
Rachis - elongated axis of an inflorescence.
Rhizome - underground stem.
Ruminated - appears as if chewed upon.
Scape - leafless flower stalk growing directly from the ground.
Scarious - dry, membranous in texture.
Sepal - segment of the calyx.
Serrate - leaf margin cut into sharp teeth pointing forward.
Sessile - without stalk of any kind.
Stamen - male element of a flower, consisting usually of anther and filament.
Staminode - sterile stamen.
Stigma - part of pistil that receives the pollen grains.
Stomachic - medicine or agent that strengthens or stimulates the stomach.
Style - elongated tube of the pistil through which pollen grains enter from the stigma to the ovary.
Succulent - having juicy tissues.
Syrup - liquid preparation in concentrated sugar solution.
Thicket - dense growth of shrubs or underbrush.
Tincture - alcoholic or hydroalcoholic preparation.
Tonic - produces healthy muscular condition and reaction.
Turgid - swollen
Turgor - normal distention and resiliency of cells.
Umbel - type of inflorescence in which the various pedicels spring from the same point and reach almost the same height; umbrella shaped.
Waste place - uncultivated, ruined, or devastated land / area.
Whorl - three or more structures at a node, as leaves, branches, or floral parts.