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 Botany
Erect, smooth, fleshy and slightly aromatic
and branched annual herb, about 30-90 cm high. Leaves are alternate,
auricled, clasping at the base, oblong to lanceolate, 5-10 cm long,
bipinnately parted, lobes are narrow, entire or toothed. Flowering heads
are in terminating in branches, solitary, yellow, long-peduncled, 2-3
cm in diameter.
Distribution
Popular cultivation in Manila Chinese
gardens; in Baguio by the Chinese and Japanese.
Chemical constituents
and characteristics
Young leaves and tops are good sources
of phosphorus and calcium; excellent source of iron.
The leaves are also a source of vitamin C.
Leave are rich in quercetin and its glycosides, rutiin and isoquercetin.
source
Stems shown to contain emodin (in aglycone and glycoside forms) and
chrysophanol. source
Stems found to contain emodin
and chrysopanol; the roots, chrysopanol and chrysazin.
Contains adenine 0.15% and traces of choline.
Roots are pellitory; chewed, imparts a tingling sensation to the tongue.
Dried flowers, like pyrethrum, impart a prickling sensation to the tongue.
Considered digestive, sedative, stimulant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial.
Parts
used
Bark, leaves.
Uses
Culinary
A leafy vegetable; gathered
while young, imparting a spicy taste, used as a condiment for pancit
luglog.
Flowers and leaves used in salads and soups.
Folkloric
The bark is purgative.
Topically, the leaves are used for inflammatory afflictions.
Studies
• Campesterol / Antiangiogenic
/ Anticancer: Campesterol, a plant sterol , known for
cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects. Isolated from C coronarium,
the study results supported its potential antiangiogenic action through
inhibition of endothelial cell prolieferation and cappilary differentiation.
• Pyrethrosin Derivatives / Cytotoxic: Study yielded three sesquiterpene lactones. Two compounds showed cytotoxic activities against human cancer lines.
• Heterocycle / Hypolipidemic:
Study of methanol extract of aerial
parts of CC isolated one new heterocycle, 5, 5'-dibuthoxy-2,2'-bofuran and five known compounds: methyl trans-ferulate, prunasin, sambunigrin, pterolactam and adenosin.Results showed
inhibition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation.
• Hypoglycemic:
Study results on the aqueous
extracts of C coronarium suggest hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats
equivalent to that of glibenclamide.
• Insecticidal:
Study of extracts from
flower and leaves of C coronarium showed insecticidal activity. Sesquiterpene
lactones, toxic to insects have been isolated from the flower head of
CC.
• Antibacteria
/ Antifungal: (1)
S tudy of extract of C coronarium flowers showed inhibition of gram
positive organisms.(2) Study showed activity of C coronairum against
Alternaria sp, Aspergillus flavus and Phthium ultimum.
• Phytochemical:
Phytochemical studies
yielded compounds emodin, chrysopanol, chrysazin, quercetin and isoquercetin,
high amounts of vitamin C and carotenoids – all together suggesting
possible usefulness in cardiovascular preventive therapy.
• Antihormone / Insecticidal: Studies confirm the antihormone as acetylenic sulfoxide, compound C. Biological assays indicate significant insecticidal activity in a number of franctions. Anti-juvenile hormone activity was not expressed until the pure major constituents were tested individually.
• Antimicrobial : Study investigated the antimicrobial activity of four Tunisian Chrysanthemum species. Fiindings showed that some Chrysanthemum extracts exhibited antimicrobial and/or anti-HSV activities.
Availability
Wild-crafted.
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